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Finding birds in Serbia

by Dragan Simic & Slobodan Puzovic

In terms of biodiversity, the Balkan Peninsula is recognized as one of Europe’s finest birding regions. Within it, Serbia compares well with already established birding destinations like neighbouring Hungary or Bulgaria, as it has a greater diversity of habitats and birds than Hungary and a better infrastructure than Bulgaria. Reasonably good (and improving) accommodation is available near birding sites and, with the new democratic government and the return of political stability, the country is poised to provide the traveller with an exciting birding experience.

Geography

North of Belgrade, the Pannonian plain is a lowland landscape with large rivers (Danube, Sava and Tisa), and to the south, hilly/mountainous landscapes are intersected by river valleys. Forest covers 27% of Serbia (25,625 km2), with the proportion of conifers being only 10%.

Birds

There are 239 breeding bird species in Serbia, while its river valleys are migration corridors for 117 additional species of birds. Significant percentages of European populations of Saker Falcon, Little Bittern, Purple Heron, Ferruginous Duck, Scops Owl, Middle Spotted and Syrian Woodpeckers, to mention but a few, breed in Serbia. Among the breeding birds, there are 103 species of European conservation concern (SPECs), which include five species of global conservation concern: Ferruginous Duck, Imperial Eagle, Lesser Kestrel, Great Bustard and Corncrake.


Photo: Katarina Paunović

Weather & When to Go

Sun can be formidable: don’t forget a wide-brimmed hat, water bottle and sunscreen cream. For wetland areas, insect repellent is also heartily recommended. An early start to any birding day is essential - mid-day summer temperatures often climb well into the thirties.

Depending on your particular interest, opt for March/April (spring migration), May to July (breeding season), August to October (autumn migration and occasional vagrants), November/December when waterbird migration reaches its peak, or January/February period when up to 330,000 waterbirds overwinter on the lower Danube.

Tactics

As Serbia is not a large country (only marginally smaller than Portugal, Hungary or the US state of Indiana) and the infrastructure is fairly well developed, it is possible to explore it in about dozen days and, with some advance planning and guidance from the local experts, build up a list of more than 150 species.

Below is a list of some of the best birding areas; some, like fish farms of northern Vojvodina province, may however require an arrangement with the Manager to visit. 

Birding in Serbia (west of Belgrade and then clockwise from Obedska Bara)


Photo: Marko Rakovic

Location

Description

Key Species
 

Obedska Bara

A vast area of flood plain forest stretching along the River Sava in southern Srem. The site is a complex of willow, poplar and oak forest, wet meadows and stagnant waters of oxbow lakes and marshes. Best access is from the village of Obrez.

Some of the 220 bird species of this area are Little Bittern, Black Stork, Black Kite, Lesser Spotted Eagle, Saker Falcon, Spotted Crake, Little Crake, Middle Spotted Woodpecker,
Syrian Woodpecker, Savi’s Warbler and Collared Flycatcher.

Mammals of the area include beaver and otter.

Fruska Gora NP

A large, forested massif situated in the north of Srem.
Habitats include oak, lime, beech, hornbeam and ash forests interspersed with steppe and wooded steppe, pasture, meadows, vineyards and arable land. For non-birding members of a group, there are 16 orthodox monasteries.

Birds to look for are Black Stork, Lesser Spotted Eagle, Imperial Eagle, Honey Buzzard, Saker Falcon, Black Woodpecker, Collared Flycatcher, Ortolan Bunting and Black-headed Bunting.

Mammals of the area include suslik and wild cat (first one being rather easy to observe).

Carska Bara

Near Zrenjanin, Carska Bara is renowned for its variety of birdlife, with over 260 species recorded. Among reserve’s pools with extensive reedbeds, wet meadows surrounded by willow and poplar woodland and a fish farm,

birdlife highlights are Great White Egret, Red-necked Grebe, Spoonbill, Greylag Goose, Gadwall, Northern Shoveler, Ferruginous Duck, Corncrake, Bee-eater, Radstart, Bearded Tit and Savi’s Warbler.

Mammals of the area include otter.

Slano Kopovo

East of Novi Becej, Slano Kopovo supports vegetation       characterized by salt-tolerant succulents. Habitats include arable land, pasture and meadows surrounding the seasonal natron lake.

This is the best place in Vojvodina to observe the noisy spectacle of migration of Common Cranes. Other birds to look for are Northern Pintail, Red-footed Falcon, Avocet, Kentish Plover, Eurasian Curlew, Short-eared Owl and Bluethroat.

Deliblato Sands

Some 70 km east of Belgrade, sand dunes of Deliblato Sands (Deliblatska Peshchara in Serbian) are mostly covered by grazing pastures, steppe, woodland, scrub, conifer plantations and agricultural lands. While this area on the map extends furher north, focus only on those parts south of the road connecting villages of Deliblato and Susara.

Birdlife: Imperial Eagle, Saker Falcon, Nightjar, Bee-eater, Roller, Hoopoe, Wryneck, Barred Warbler, Ortolan Bunting, etc.

Mammals of this area include European molerat, marbled polecat and grey wolf.

Dubovac Wetland

Adjoining Deliblato Sands, Dubovac Wetland lies at the beginning of the Djerdap Dam and harbors 1000-pairs strong heronry consisting mostly of Pygmy Cormorant, Squacco and Night Herons and Little Egret, with a few pairs of Grey and Purple Herons and Glossy Ibis. In winter, this section of the Danube river attracts more than 50,000 waterbirds and almost that many hunters.

Other birds include Bittern, Little Bittern, Ferruginous Duck, White-tailed Eagle and Tawny Pipit. Habitats here range from willow, poplar, ash and oak forests, extensive clone poplar plantations, to marsh, wet meadows and dry grassland.

An escaped rodent from South America, coypu has established itself firmly at the Cibuklija island.

Djerdap Gorge NP

Situated in north-east Serbia along the border with Romania and about 6 km in width by some 100 km in length, this national park covers a section of the river Danube gorge and adjacent belt of Mt. Miroc (768 m a.s.l.). Deciduous forest and scrub cover some 70% of the park, the rest are grassland, streams and limestone cliffs. For non-birding members of a group, there are well preserved mediaeveal fortresses Golubac and Fetislam as well as the Lepenski Vir, eight millenia old Neolithic settlement famous upon its fish-like human head stone sculptures – the oldest known sculptures in Europe.

Birds of the area include Black Stork, Honey Buzzard, Black Kite, Golden Eagle, Lesser Spotted Eagle, Booted Eagle, Peregrine Falcon, Hazel Grouse, Rock Partridge, Corncrake, Stock Dove, Eagle Owl, Alpine Swift, Sombre Tit, Ortolan Bunting.

The added attraction of the park is the presence of large mammals such as chamoa, brown bear and lynx.

Kopaonik NP

The largest and highest (2016 m a.s.l.) mountain of central Serbia and oversized winter sports centre. In the Ravni Kopaonik area coniferous forest (spruce) predominates, with a small area covered by alpine vegetation.

Birds to look for are Honey Buzzard, Short-toed Eagle, Golden Eagle, Peregrine Falcon, Rock Partridge, Corncrake, Woodcock, Tengmalm’s Owl, Eagle Owl, Grey-headed Woodpecker, Shore Lark (race balcanica), Firecrest, Rock Thrush, Ring Ouzel, Crested Tit, Siskin, Rock Bunting, Common Crossbill.

Uvac & Milesevka

Uvac and Milesevka gorges lie between the towns of Nova Varos, Sjenica and Prijepolje. Habitats include limestone gorges surrounded by coniferous or mixed spruce, fir, pine, beech and oak forests, and extensive pastures.

Some of the 150 bird species that were recorded here are Goosander, Griffon Vulture, Golden Eagle, Lesser-spotted Eagle, Peregrine Falcon, Rock Partridge, Corncrake, Eagle Owl, Scops Owl, Tengmalm`s Owl, Rock Thrush, Crested Tit, Wallcreeeper and Nutcracker.

Mamals of the area include brown bear and grey wolf.

Tara NP

Located inside the Drina river curve in western Serbia, with forests covering most of the land area (beech and oak, fir, pine, spruce – including endemic Serbian spruce recognisable upon its pencil-thin upper canopy). Altitude ranges from medium 1000 m up to the 1591 m high Kozji Rid peak. For non-birding members of a group, Raca monastery (built in year 1276) is conveniently close.

Some of the 153 bird species are Goosander, Honey Buzzard, Golden Eagle, Peregrine Falcon, Hazel Grouse, Rock Partridge, Capercaillie, Corncrake, Woodcock, Scops Owl, Eagle Owl, Ural Owl, Tengmalm’s Owl, White-backed Woodpecker, Grey-headed Woodpecker, Rock Thrush, Ring Ouzel, Redstart,  Wallcreeper, Siskin.

Mamals of the area include chamoa and brown bear.

Ovcar - Kablar Gorge

A gorge along the Zapadna Morava river in western Serbia, between the towns of Cacak and Pozega. Limestone cliffs and rocky terrain are interspersed with thickets of oak, ash, hornbeam, elm and lime. Also meadow and pasture areas, small reservoirs and orchards. For non-birding members of a group, there are 10 orthodox monasteries.

Birdlife of the area is characterised by Golden Eagle, Short-toed Eagle, Honey Buzzard, Peregrine Falcon, Corncrake, Scops Owl, Eagle Owl, Kingfisher, Grey-headed Woodpecker, Syrian Woodpecker, Rock Thrush, Rock Bunting, Cirl Bunting, etc.

 
Vladan Kojanic © 2005. All rights reserved.